Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, Marshall of England

1300 - 1338  (38 years)

• Name	Thomas of Brotherton
  Birth	1 Jun 1300	Brotherton, Yorkshire, England   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  Edward I, his new young wife Margaret, who turned twenty-one that year and was pregnant with their first child, and the royal household, set out north from St Albans on 15 April 1300. The army had been summoned to Carlisle for mid-summer, for a new Scottish campaign. Queen Margaret parted company with the main household at Stamford on 5 May, and continued her own journey northward. Preparations had been made for her to use Cawood Castle, a residence of the Archbishop of York, for her confinement. She stopped in the village of Brotherton to hunt late that month, and went into labor, early and unexpectedly. Margaret had married Edward I on 10 September 1299 and, if conception occurred immediately, she was in her 38th week, but as she was apparently hunting and had not yet reached Cawood, she may have been a week or two earlier in her pregnancy. The labor was difficult, and Margaret reportedly called on St Thomas of Canterbury for assistance. The baby was delivered on 1 June, and named for the saint. Edward I rushed over to the village as soon as he was given the news, and stayed there until 9 June. [1]
  Military	1313 (12 years)  [1]
  Thomas received a summons for military service in Scotland, but it was shortly afterwards remitted by the king (Waugh, 2004) and the young earl of Norfolk appears to have missed completely the disastrous battle of Bannockburn in June 1314.
  Offices Held	10 Feb 1316 (15 years)  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  He was made the Marshal of England.
  Offices Held	Spring 1319 (18 years)  [1]
  He served as keeper of the realm while the king was on a Scottish military campaign.
  Knighted	15 Jul 1319 (19 years)  [1]
  Travel	1320 (19 years)  [1]
  He accompanied the king to France in June and July, travelling with a large retinue.
  Miscellaneous	From 1321 to 1322 (20 years)  [1]
  Thomas remained strongly supportive of Edward II during the baronial rebellion of 1321-1322, but failed in the one task he assumed on his own, an attempt to arrange negotiations with the earl of Hereford in March 1321. His other roles during that time were ceremonial and undertaken with fellow peers.
  Legal	3 Aug 1321 (21 years)  [1]
  Rigaud de Asserio, bishop of Winchester, wrote to Roger de Martival, Bishop of Salisbury, authorizing the latter to absolve Thomas of Brotherton from a sentence of excommunication. Thomas had incurred this by violently assaulting a clerk of the bishop - one Deodatus de Pyno - within the diocese of Winchester. Unfortunately the date of the assault is not mentioned, so it is not known how long Thomas was under excommunication. The assault could have happened shortly before the date of the letter, or possibly as early as the spring of 1319, when Thomas was acting as keeper of the realm and working in close conjunction with John de Sandale, the prior bishop of Winchester who was also chancellor of England.
  Land/House	Aug 1323 (23 years)  [1]
  He negotiated with the earl of Norfolk to take control for life of the lordship of Chepstow for a rent of £200 a year,20 and the following year, purchased the lordship outright for only £800. Chepstow was worth far more, so Thomas came out much the worse in this transaction, and many historians surmise he was forced into it, another victim of the Despenser tyranny. Yet the rest of the victims of the Despensers were widows, minor heirs, and those lower down on the social order. The earl of Norfolk was a young man in his early twenties, a peer of the realm and the brother of the king. The fact that Despenser was able to take such advantage of him is another indication of the low regard in which he was held
  Offices Held	say 1325 (24 years)  [1]
  The king confiscated the one office he was holding, marshal of England, because Thomas had failed to have someone execute the office on his behalf in Lancashire, when royal justices arrived there to hold the king's pleas. Thomas offered a fine of £100 to recover the office, which Edward II pardoned, but not without a public verbal rebuke, threatening his younger brother with punishment should he again fail to perform the duties of marshal properly.
  Military	1326 (25 years)  [1]
  On 24 September 1326, Queen Isabella and her son Edmund, landed on the Suffolk Coast. Thomas immediately joined them. While the usurpation was successful, he received little reward.
  Miscellaneous	3 Mar 1327 (26 years)  [1]
  He was granted the wardship and marriage of John de Segrave, the 12-year-old heir to the barony of Segrave.
  Military	1328 (27 years)  [1]
  In the Summer of 1328, Thomas participated in Edward Ill's disastrous Weardale campaign against the Scots.
  Miscellaneous	Feb 1330 (29 years)  [1]
  Thomas of Brotherton and Edmund of Woodstock led Edward III's young wife Queen Philippa to her coronation dressed as simple grooms.
  Military	1333 (32 years)  [1]
  Thomas commanded a contingent of royal forces in the Scottish campaign culminating in the battle of Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333.
  Military	1337 (36 years)  [1]
  He joined the King in the Scottish campaign, and was named the keeper of Perth. Yet he was not given a leadership position (there are no payments to him as a captain on the pay roll) which had to be humbling for the former Marshal of England. At some point in December 1337, Thomas left the campaign and returned to England, apparently without first informing the king.
  Miscellaneous	1337 (36 years)
  In the spring of 1337, Edward III appointed Sir Constantine Mortimer, lord of Attleborough in Norfolk, to restore the Brotherton household to order. [1]
  Offices Held	25 May 1337 (36 years)  [1]
  The office of Marshal was taken from Thomas.
  Offices Held	1338 (37 years)  [1]
  The office of Marshal of England was resorted to Thomas.
  Will	4 Aug 1338 (38 years)	Framlingham, Suffolk, England   [1]
  Death	23 Aug 1338	Framlingham, Suffolk, England   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  Burial	Bury St Edmunds Abbey, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England   [1, 3, 5]
  Siblings	1 brother and 1 sister
  + 1. Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, Marshall of England,   b. 1 Jun 1300, Brotherton, Yorkshire, England d. 23 Aug 1338, Framlingham, Suffolk, England  (Age 38 years) ▻ Alice de Hales,  m. 1321 ;   Mary de Braose, Countess of Norfolk,  m. 1334 + 2. Edumnd of Woodstock, Earl of Kent,   b. 5 Aug 1301, Woodstock Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England d. 19 Mar 1329/30, Winchester Castle, Winchester, Hampshire, England Winchester Castle,  Winchester, Hampshire, England  (Age 28 years) ▻ Margaret Wake, Baroness Wake,  m. 25 Dec 1325   3. Eleanor of Winchester,   b. 4 May 1306, Winchester, Hampshire, England d. 1310, Amesbury Abbey, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England  (Age 3 years)
  Half siblings	4 half brothers and 12 half sisters (family of Edward I and Eleanor of Castile )
  1. Princess Eleanor,   b. 17 Jun 1264, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England d. 12 Oct 1297, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium  (Age 33 years)   2. Joan,   b. 1265   d. 1265  (Age 0 years)   3. John,   b. 10 Jul 1266, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England d. 3 Aug 1271, Westminster, London, England  (Age 5 years)   4. Henry,   b. 13 Jul 1267, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England d. 14 Oct 1274, Merton, London, England  (Age 7 years)   5. Julian,   b. 1271, Acre, Holy Land d. 1271, Holy Land  (Age 0 years) + 6. Joan Plantagenent, Countess of Gloucester and Hertford,   b. 1272, Acre, Holy Land d. 23 Apr 1307, Clare, Suffolk, England  (Age 35 years) ▻ Sir Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Clare,  m. 30 Apr 1290 ;   Ralph de Monthermer,  m. Jan 1296   7. Alfonso, Earl of Chester,   b. 24 Nov 1273, Bordeaux, Gironde, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France d. 19 Aug 1284, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England  (Age 10 years)   8. Margaret, Princess of England,   b. 11 Sep 1275, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England d. 1318, Brussels, Belgium  (Age 42 years)   9. Berengaria,   b. 1279, Kennington Place, Kennington, London, England d. Abt 1279  (Age 0 years)   10. Mary, a nun,   b. 11 Mar 1278, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England d. Before 08 Jul 1332, Amesbury Abbey, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England  (Age 54 years)   11. Isabella,   b. 12 Mar 1279, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England d. Abt Apr 1279  (Age 0 years)   12. Alice,   b. 12 Mar 1279, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England d. 1291  (Age 11 years) + 13. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, Countess of Hereford,   b. 7 Aug 1282, Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales d. 5 May 1316, Quendon, Essex, England  (Age 33 years) ▻ John I, Count of Holland, Earl of Holland, Zealand and Lord of Friezeland,  m. 8 Jan 1297 ;   Humphrey de Bohun VIII, Earl of Hereford and Essex,  m. 14 Nov 1302 + 14. Edward II, King of England,   b. 25 Apr 1284, Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales Caernarfon Castle, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales d. 21 Sep 1327, Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England  (Age 43 years) ▻ Isabella "the Fair" of France,  m. 25 Jan 1308/09   15. Beatrice   16. Blanche
  Half siblings	1 half brother (family of Edward I and mistress )
  > 1. John de Botetourte, Lord Botetourte,   b. Abt 1265   d. 25 Nov 1324  (Age 59 years) ▻ Matilda FitzThomas,  m. Between 1285 to 1292
  Patriarch & Matriarch	Bodilon de Trèves, Count of Tréves,   b. About 600, Louresse-Rochemenier, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France d. About 643, Mas d'Albon, Beaucaire, Gard, Languedoc, France  (Age 43 years)  (21 x Great Grandfather)  Adele de Bar-sur-Aube   d. 1053  (10 x Great Grandmother)
  Person ID, Branch	I2805	Roy Line, Boudreau Line
  Last Modified	27 Apr 2020

  
  

  Father	Edward I, King of England ,   b. 17 Jun 1239, Palace of Westminster, Westminster, London, England d. 7 Jul 1307, Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland, England (Age 68 years)
  Relationship	Birth
  Mother	Marguerite of France,   b. 1279, France d. 14 Feb 1318, Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England (Age 39 years)
  Relationship	Birth
  Family ID	F2190	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Spouse / Partner 1	Alice de Hales,   b. 1305   d. Before 12 Oct 1330, England (Age 25 years)  [1, 2]
  Marriage	1321	Bungay Castle, Bungay, Suffolk, England   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
  "And the said Thomas Brodirton, Erle of Norfolke, cam dawn into Norfolke and ther he wedded a knyght's daughter fast by Bungey." So writes 19th-century Norfolk historian Francis Blomefield (1808), quoting an ancient manuscript from the Book of Pleas. Alice Hales brought nothing to her marriage save her beauty. She was not the heiress of the Hales manors, as she had a brother, and the Hales family would have supported of the young earl of Norfolk whether or not he married Alice, since he was their feudal overlord. On Thomas's end, there was no political or territorial advantage to the marriage - it was a love match, pure and simple. [1]
  Age at Marriage	He : ~ 20 years and 6 months - She : ~ 16 years.
  Children	1 son and 2 daughters
  +   1. Margaret de Botherton, Duchess of Norfolk,   b. Abt 1322   d. 24 Mar 1398/99 (Age 77 years)  [Father: Birth]  [Mother: Birth] ▻ John de Segrave, Lord Segrave  m. 1334;   Sir Walter de Mauny  m. 1353 >   2. Edward de Botherton,   b. Abt 1323   d. Aug 1334 (Age 11 years)  [Father: Birth]  [Mother: Birth] ▻ Beatrice Mortimer  m. 1329 >   3. Alice de Botherton, Lady of Bungay ,   b. 1324   d. 1352 (Age 28 years)  [Father: Birth]  [Mother: Birth] ▻ Sir Edward Montagu  m. 1337
  Family ID	F2186	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	26 Dec 2019

  
  

  Spouse / Partner 2	Mary de Braose, Countess of Norfolk,   b. 1305/06   d. 11 Jun 1362 (Age 56 years)  [1, 2]  Other Partners: Sir Ralph Cobham  m. Abt 1320
  Marriage	1334  [1]
  It was a second marriage for both Thomas and Mary.
  Age at Marriage	He : ~ 33 years and 6 months - She : ~ 28 years.
  Family ID	F2189	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart
  Last Modified	27 Apr 2020

  
  

• Pedigree

  ← Click to display 1Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, Marshall of England(1300 – 1338) 2Edward I, King of England (1239 – 1307) 4Henry III, King of England(1207 – 1272) 8John, King of England (1167 – 1216) 16Henry II, King of England(5 Mar 1132/33 – 1189) 17Eleanor of Aquitaine, Dutchess of Aquitaine(1123 – 1204) 9Isabella of Angoulême, Queen of England(1188 – 1246) 18Aymer de Valence, Count of Angoulême(1160 – 1202) 19Alice de Courtenay(1160 – 1205) 5Eleanor of Provence(Abt 1223 – 1291) 10Raymond IV Berenger, Count of Provence and Forcalquier(1198 – 1245) 20Alfonso, Count of Provence, Prince of Aragon(1180 – 1209) 21Gersinde of Sabran( – 1222) 11Beatrix of Savoy, Countess of Provence(1198 – 1266) 22Thomas I of Savoy, Count of Savoy(1177 – 1233) 23Margaret of Geneva(1180 – 1236) 3Marguerite of France(1279 – 1318) 6Philip III, King of France(1245 – 1285) 12Saint Louis IX, King of France(1215 – 1270) 24Louis VIII, King of France(1187 – 1226) 25Blanche of Castile, Princess of Castile, Queen of France(1188 – 1252) 13Margerite of Provence(1221 – 1285) 26Raymond IV Berenger, Count of Provence and Forcalquier(1198 – 1245) 27Beatrix of Savoy, Countess of Provence(1198 – 1266) 7Marie of Brabant(1256 – 1321) 14Henry III, Duke of Brabant( – 1260) 28Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Lorraine(1207 – 1 Feb 1247/48) 29Maria von Hohenstauffen, Princess of Germany(1201 – 1235) 15Alix of Burgundy( – 1273) 30Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy(1212 – 1272) 31Yolande de Dreux( – 1255)

  
  

• Event Map		Birth - 1 Jun 1300 - Brotherton, Yorkshire, England Marriage - 1321 - Bungay Castle, Bungay, Suffolk, England Will - 4 Aug 1338 - Framlingham, Suffolk, England Death - 23 Aug 1338 - Framlingham, Suffolk, England Burial - - Bury St Edmunds Abbey, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England  = Link to Google Earth
  Pin Legend	: Address       : Location       : City/Town       : County/Shire       : State/Province       : Country       : Not Set

  
  

• Sources 🟢 Primary Evidence 🟡 Secondary Evidence 🟠 Tertiary Evidence 🔴 Unreliable Evidence

  [S1453] Verity, Brad. "Love Matches and Contracted Misery: Thomas of Botherton and His Daughters (Part 1)" , (Vowchurch, UK: Foundations: Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, volume 2, number 2, July 2006). [S59] Weis, Frederick Lewis. Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists Who Came to New England Between 1623 and 1650 Fifth Editionif, (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1982). [S517] Reed, Paul C. and Dorothy E. Hopkins. "The Identity of Anne Gifford, Wife of Thomas Goddard: Correcting the Royal Ancestry of the Immigrant William Goddard" , (Boston: The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, volume 156, April 2002). [S309] Fraser, Antonia. The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975). [S278] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, (web: http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/royal/catalog.html). [S63] von Redlisch, Marcellus Donald Alexander R. Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants volume 1 , (Cottonport, Louisiana: Order of the Crown of Charlemagne, 1941).